"Standard approaches to defining and evaluating environmental risk tend to reflect technocratic rather than democratic values. One consequence is that institutional mechanisms for achieving citizen participation in risk decisions rarely are studied or evaluated. This article presents a survey of five institutional mechanisms for allowing the lay public to influence environmental risk decisions: public hearings, initiatives, public surveys, negotiated rule making, and citizens review panels. It also defines democratic process criteria for assessing these and other participatory mechanisms."
Daniel J. Fiorino, "1990. Fiorino. "Citizen Participation and Environmental Risk: A Survey of Institutional Mechanisms"", contributed by Maggie Woodruff, STS Infrastructures, Platform for Experimental Collaborative Ethnography, last modified 29 May 2018, accessed 5 November 2024. https://stsinfrastructures.org/content/1990-fiorino-citizen-participation-and-environmental-risk-survey-institutional-mechanisms
Critical Commentary
This 1990 article by Daniel J. Fiorino offers the public five ways to influence environmental risk decisions.