1) sociology of science is used as a base from which the authors redefine the new sociology of technology. Most of the new claims by the authors are antithetical to the basic premises of this older school of knowledge upon science
2) sociology of knowledge is used to validate the technology as a system of knowledge rather than a mere application of laboratory science. it is fortified by the ideas of a socio-cultural, time-space matrix of technological knowledge, simply meaning the technology is socially determined.
3) History of technology: the history of technology as a methodological and analytical tool was widely used by pinch and Bijker in their previous studies. as a critical reply, the extension of such literature is manifested in this response paper also. They used it to argue that the basic function of STS is to unpack the black box of technology.
This article mainly contributes to clarifying ambiguous terminologies and concepts previously used by the authors. It also helps to build the narratives of relativity and social construction of technology where the difference between science and technology is empirically blurring.
