AO: Okeke notes that she gets asked regularly about how molecular biology relates to health in Africa and argues that “unveiling the strong connections between science and modern medicine is a principal objective of this work.” She acknowledges that “the conscious decision to take some time away from my lab to write this manuscript is my response to the realization that it might be more important to communicate the magnitude and importance of laboratory deficits in general and diagnostic shortfalls in particular than to continue to chip away at these problems myself, or within small collaborative groups.”