The main argument of the chapters by Aihwa Ong is about the transformation of world order, where the assemblage of various agents, technocrats. Economic institutions and technology define and produce the phenomenon of global assemblages. It is no longer viewed by the world that development is a unilinear, hierarchical way of material progress which ultimately leads to socio-economic wellbeing of a community. their main argument is that the regime is not defining citizenship based on nativity, regionalism, caste etc, but an aspiration of producing expertise and their contribution to the technologically enhanced 'development is defining the priorities of citizenship. This doesn’t mean that the earlier hierarchical structures were completely eroded with the invasion and envisioning of ' global assemblages’, but at least they are in conflict with this new way of flexible service-oriented economy. Aihwa Ong gives the example of biopower boom in Singapore and ITES corridor in Malaysia having a continuous threat from the existing 'political societies' such as native Chinese in Singapore. the author also talks about the issues related to the emergence of biopolitics and counter-politics to it as the empirical example of how global assemblages are having resistance from the ground and how it becomes a study material to understand the interrelation between ethics, politics and technology.
